In November 1095 the Pope, Urban II, held a speech at the Council of Clermont, calling for a war of liberation.
The war was to be waged by volunteers who vowed to fight.
By calling all Christians to war against the Muslims, so that they could help defend the Byzantine empire and potentially reclaim the Holy Land, he gave rise to the Crusades.

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Credit:
Created by Daniel Turner

Narrator:

Lucas Webley

Music Credit:
'Agnus Dei X - Bitter Suite' and 'Crusade - Video Classica' by Kevin MacLeod is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution licence (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/)
Source: http://www.amazon.com/Agnus-Dei-X/dp/B00QGC7W3Y
Artist: http://incompetech.com/

Sources:

God's War: A New History of the Crusades by Christopher Tyerman

The Crusades: A History by Jonathan Riley-Smith

A Short History of the Middle Ages Paperback
by Barbara H. Rosenwein

History of the Crusades by Steven Runciman

Christianity: A Global History By David Chidester

The Sepulchre of Christ and the Medieval West: From the Beginning to 1600 by Colin Morris

The Middle Ages By Morris Bishop

POPE URBAN II'S PREACHING OF THE FIRST CRUSADE
H. E. J. COWDREY
Vol. 55, No. 184 (1970), pp. 177-188