Can you solve this problem that stumped many advanced math students?

References
https://io9.gizmodo.com/ready-....this-simple-puzzle-o
https://www.theguardian.com/sc....ience/2017/jun/05/di
https://www.mapleprimes.com/po....sts/206713-Puzzle-Or
http://puzzles.nigelcoldwell.co.uk/seventytwo.htm
https://timss.bc.edu/timss1995....i/TIMSSPDF/C_full.pd

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