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How much of an advantage to trans women have over cis women? How much does hormone therapy do about it? In this video we look at what the scientific literature says about this.

The paper I mention at 1 mins 20 seconds is here: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/p....mc/articles/PMC42762
(Beware: graphic content.)

Estimates for the frequency of disorders of sex development that I quote at 1 minutes 50 seconds are from here: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23045263/

The paper about serum androgen levels I discuss at 2 minutes 50 seconds is here:
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25137421/

The paper about testosterone levels I mention at 4 minutes 20 seconds is this:
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24593684/

The paper about hormone treatment I discuss at 7 mins 10 seconds is here:
https://ec.bioscientifica.com/....view/journals/ec/8/7

The paper I mention at 7 mins 55 seconds is this:
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31794605/

The meta-analysis at 8 mins 48 seconds is here: https://bjsm.bmj.com/content/55/15/865

The paper about the long-term effects of hormone therapy that I mention at 9 mins 35 seconds is this: https://academic.oup.com/jes/a....rticle/5/Supplement_

The study about ultra-running among casual athletes that I mention at 13 mins 10 seconds is here: https://runrepeat.com/state-of-ultra-running

Estimates for the number of transgender people in the USA are from here: https://ajph.aphapublications.....org/doi/10.2105/AJPH

And Estimates for the number of transgender people in Brazil are from here:
https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-021-81411-4

Many thanks to Jordi Busqué for helping with this video http://jordibusque.com/

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0:00 Intro
0:26 Intersex Conditions
3:17 Testosterone Levels
5:02 Trans Athletes
7:08 The Effects of Hormonal Treatment
9:51 The Question of Fairness
11:23 The Relevance of Entertainment
13:49 The Actual Problem
14:54 Sponsor Message